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KORYO 918 A.D. - 1392 A.D: The Koryo Dynasty followed the unification of the Korean Peninsula, the amalgamation of the previous three ancient kingdoms. The founding monarch of the Koryo (or Goryeo) Kingdom was a military general called Wang Geon. Martial arts were used in military training and was a prerequisite for all military personnel. The kings of Koryo enjoyed the sport and awarded prizes to winners of subakki / taekkyon contests. Because of the rules and judgement standards that governed these competitions, scholars say that this is the origin of taekwondo. Koojakam, a national university of Koryo, scientifically systematized subakki, which started to spread all over the world through captivated foreign traders. The modern name Korea derives from the Koryo Dynasty. A time of peace followed and the Hwarang turned from a military organization to a group specialized in poetry and music. Subakki was not only practiced as a skill to improve health and as a sport activity but was also encouraged as a martial art of considerably high moral and philosophical value. It is believed to have gained highest popularity during the reign of King Uijong, between 1,147 - 1,170 A.D. This period roughly corresponds to the Chinese Song and Ming Dynasties during which time kungfu became widely popular. This is worth noticing as it highlights further that taekwondo is not only of pure Korean origin but has achieved independent development throughout Korea’s long history. Buddhism became an increasing influence, indeed, it was in Buddhist temples that Koreans sought refuge as they faced the threat of a Mongol invasion in the 12th century.
This hand-carved Hahae Tal (Hahae mask) is based upon those originally made during the middle of the Koryo Dynasty (11th-12th centuries). Legend says the original carver was a Mr. Hur and the original masks are now designated a national treasure and are found in the National Museum Collection. The Hahae Tal are used in the Hahae Pyolsinkut, a Korean folk drama. The Hahae Tal includes nine masks, each representing a deep inner world and unique expression. This particular mask is the Yangban Tal (The Aristocrat mask).